Gold Ultra
Gold Ultra
Ultra hard materials are the result of modern research and development. The last century witnessed extra ordinary growth in many fields of science and technology including material science. The latest developments in science and technology resulted in the use of very hard materials in mechanical, automobile and aviation fields. This in turn resulted in the development of new ultra hard cutting materials to machine these parts. Beside carbide cutting tools several other ultra hard materials like ceramic, polycrystalline diamond (PCD), monocrystalline diamond (MCD-natural diamond), diamond coatings on cutting tools, synthetic monocrystalline diamonds as well as polycrystalline cubic boron nitrite are developed.
Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD)
Polycrystalline diamond plates are manufactured by high temperature and high pressure process where the diamond coating is directly combined with a carbide support. Polycrystalline diamond is made by sintering of high quality diamond powder with metallic binder. Depending upon the application polycrystalline diamond materials are available in various grain sizes. For example the diamond with rough grain sizes are used for making cutting tools with excellent wear resistance due to its ability to retain cutting edge for a longer period. Incase you need very high surface finish on machines parts, then ultra micro grain sizes are highly preferred. Medium grain sizes are used for general all purpose cutting tools since it is a balance between high wear resistance of rough grain size and superior finish of ultra micro grains. This makes the medium grain sized polycrystalline diamond as an excellent ultra hard material for manufacturing high quality metal cutting tools.
Natural Diamonds
Mono crystalline diamond (MKD) is natural diamond out of pure carbon. These natural diamonds enable the production of geometric defined flutes with absolutely notch free flutes. Natural diamond (MKD) is on of the ultra hard materials which is suitable for achieving very high surface finishes for mirror bright surfaces, machining of non-ferrous materials, micro machining and machining of titanium without burr.
Synthetic Monocrystalline Diamond
Further research and development resulted in synthetic mono crystalline diamonds which are available in triangles and rectangles with an edge length of approximately 8mm. The natural diamonds often contains nitrogen and the it could have varying hardness and thermal conductivity. Whereas the synthetic monocrystalline diamonds have uniform structure with constant thermal conductivity and less internal stress. Today synthetic monocrystalline diamonds are being produced in various shapes and sizes which offers great application possibilities of this ultra hard material in future. Researches have found considerable improvements in synthetic monocrystalline tool life, improved surface finish and constant wear behavior compared to other ultra hard materials like PCD and natural diamond.
Diamond Film Coating (CVD Process)
Diamond film coatings are done to improve the surface hardness of cutting tools. Generally diamond film coatings can be classified into two. The thin diamond film coating with a layer thickness of approximately 5-20 microns and thick diamond film coating with a layer thickness of approximately 0.5mm. Higher thermal and chemical stability and ultra surface hardness are the advantages of diamond film coating. Low fracture toughness is the disadvantage of of diamond film coatings. And compared to polycrystalline diamonds no binder is used while producing diamond film coatings which causes higher splintery fracture.
Diamond film coated ultra hard materials are best suitable for machining of aluminium alloys with high silicium contents as well as graphite and carbon. Tests show very good use of diamond coated tools in machining plastics, gold alloys and wood machining.
Polycrystalline Cubic Born Nitrite (CBN)
Polycrystalline Cubic Born Nitrite is the hardest cutting material after ultra hard materials like ceramics and diamond. CNB is manufactured by a sinter process of high temperature and pressure using selected particles of Cubic Born Nitrite. Depending on various cutting applications polycrystalline cubic born nitrite are available with with different binder phases as well as in fine, medium and rough grain structure. CNB is an ultra hard material with excellent thermal stability up to 1200°. Polycrystalline Cubic Born Nitrite with low cbn contents is mainly used in precision machining of hardened steel and other hard ferrous materials.
About the Author
Neo is a qualified tooling engineer with more than 10 years experience in the field of tooling. You can find more information on tooling in his metal stamping website which also provides detailed information on cutting tools and machines.
You may republish this article on your website provided you give a valid link back to the author’s website.
Mario Kart Wii – Wario’s Gold Mine ULTRA shortcut
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HARRY WINSTON OPUS X WHITE GOLD 46mm ULTRA RARE 2012 OPUS 10 LIMITED 100 PIECES $194,995.00 |
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WORLD LUXURIOUS ULTRA RARE 18K WHITE GOLD RING WITH NR BLUE SAPPHIRE19.06CT $149,999.99 |
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Patek Philippe 5139G Grand Complication Ultra-Thin Perpetual Calendar White Gold $83,495.00 |
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18K Gold 1/4-Hour Ultra Rare Pin Wheel Escapement Fusee Watch( maybe unique ) $75,000.00 |
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Richard Mille RM-16 Ultra Flat Rose Gold Skeleton Special Edition $82,000 MSRP $56,495.00 |
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Ultra Rare 1799 $10 CAPPED BUST LIBERTY NGC MS62 Gold Eagle Choice graded coin $42,500.00 |
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Jacob & Co KUWAIT Red Gold Limited Edition Ultra Rare $31,606.10 |
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1989 China 5 Oz 999 Gold Goddess of Kuan Yin Chinese Medal Ultra Rare w/Box+COA $30,999.00 |
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1995 W NGC PF70 Ultra Cameo Superb Gem Gold and Silver Eagle Anniversary Set $24,888.00 |
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1986 NGC PF66 Ultra Cameo 12 oz .999 Gold China Panda 1000Y $23,990.00 |
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1986 1000 Yuan 12 ozs PROOF Gold Panda NGC PF 67 Ultra Cameo Mintage 2550 *LOOOK $23,478.00 |
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Ultra rare 1881 $10 LIBERTY NGC MS65 certified gem graded gold Eagle coin $21,500.00 |
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1990 1991 1992 Bimetal Panda Set – Silver & Gold – All PF69 Proof Ultra Cameo $20,000.00 |
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$100 Union 1876 Five ounce 999 Gold Ultra Cameo NGC GEM Proof struck 2010 RARE $19,999.99 |
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Patek Philippe #3520DJ Ultra-Thin Calatrava Men’s Wristwatch-18k Yellow Gold!! $19,900.00 |
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1985 Isle Of Man 10 Oz Proof Gold ANGEL Mintage 68 NGC PF 66 ULTRA CAMEO*L@@@K* $19,656.00 |
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1986-W (10) $50 American Gold Eagles Proof NGC PF69 Ultra Cameo 10.0 Ozs. * $17,536.00 |
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Jaeger LeCoultre Master Ultra Thin 1833 Rose Gold Ref. # Q1342450 $14,095.00 |
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Audemars Piguet Ultra Thin NEW 18k White Gold Diamond $29,800.00 Ladies watch. $13,775.00 |
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1986-W (7) $50 American Gold Eagles Proof NGC PF69 Ultra Cameo * $12,297.00 |
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2010-EWT NATURA LAUNCH BLACK RHINO GOLD PROOF 4 COIN COA NGC PF70 ULTRA CAMEO $10,999.95 |
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Jaeger LeCoultre Master Ultra Thin 18k Rose Gold Men’s Watch $10,575.00 |
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ULTRA RARE $10,000.00 AUTHENTIC GOLD CERTIFICATE UNCIRC $9,995.00 |
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2008-W 4 COIN PROOF BUFFALO GOLD SET NGC PF 70 Early Release ER Ultra Cameo $9,995.00 |
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2008 W PROOF GOLD BUFFALO 4 COIN SET NGC PF 70 ULTRA CAMEO RARE!! $9,994.99 |
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Piaget Protocole Ultra Thin 18k White Gold ladies watch. $9,675.00 |
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ULTRA RARE 1994 & 1996 4 RUSSIAN COIN SET GOLD RING OF RUSSIA PROOF PR PF MIRROR $9,500.00 |
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9×12 Peshawar red gold ultra soft premium 100% wool Luxurious rug Pakistan 3718 $8,712.00 |
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Piaget Vintage Ultra Flat Automatic Ref 12441 A Lapis Lasuli 18K White Gold LNIB $8,700.00 |
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Cartier Privee 18k Yellow Gold Diamond Ultra-Thin Watch 1612 $8,500.00 |
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Rare Vintage 18k Yellow Gold Ultra-Thin Patek Philippe Calatrava ref: 3470 B+P $8,500.00 |
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Zenith Heritage Ultra Thin Small Seconds 18kt Rose Gold Ref.18.2010.681/01.C498 $8,300.00 |
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1997 Ultra Stars Gold MICHAEL JORDAN Chicago Bulls PSA 10 Pop 2 ! $7,999.99 |
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1988 RARE AU Panda Basel Medal 1 Ounce Gold Coin NGC Graded ULTRA CAMEO PF68 $7,600.00 |
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1987 CHINA PANDA GOLD PROOF 5 COIN SET PCGS PR69DCAM ULTRA CAMEO RARE!! $7,500.00 |
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1988 CHINA PANDA GOLD PROOF 5 COIN SET PCGS PR69DCAM ULTRA CAMEO RARE!! $7,500.00 |
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2009 $20 Gold UHR Ultra High Relief PCGS MS70PL Very Rare Flag Mercanti Label $7,499.00 |
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3 Oz 24kt Pure .9999 Gold $50 2006 W American Buffalo NGC PF70 Ultra Cameo Coins $7,210.50 |
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New Mauboussin Ultra Thin Yellow Gold Diamond Watch! $7,150.00 |
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Exquisite Patek Philippe 18K White Gold Ultra Thin Gents Bracelet Wrist Watch $7,100.00 |
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1991 PIEFORT CHINA 1oz GOLD PANDA 10th ANNIVERSARY NGC PF67 ULTRA CAMEO $7,000.00 |
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2009 $20 Gold Ultra High Relief Double Eagle NGC MS70 PL Proof Like w/Box & COA $6,999.00 |
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2009 Ultra High Relief UHR $20 Gold PCGS MS-70 PL Proof Like Moy Label $6,995.00 |
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2009 PCGS MS70 PL ULTRA HIGH RELIEF MERCANTI UHR DOUBLE EAGLE GOLD COIN geecoins $6,975.00 |
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ULTRA RARE 1994 & 1996 4 RUSSIAN COIN SET GOLD RING OF RUSSIA PROOF PR PF MIRROR $6,750.00 |
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2009 $20 Gold ULTRA HIGH RELIEF PCGS MS70PL Proof Like Mercanti Signed $6,749.00 |
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2009 $20 ULTRA HIGH RELIEF PCGS GRADED MS 70 PL PROOF LIKE GOLD $6,695.00 |
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8×10 Peshawar Lt gold ultra soft premium 100% wool Luxurious rug Pakistan 12066 $6,600.00 |
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2006-W Proof Gold Eagle 4 coin set FIRST STRIKE NGC PF 70 Ultra Cameo Proof $6,595.00 |
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1997/98 ULTRA STARS GOLD Michael Jordan ATOMIC REFRACTOR 1:57,800 PACKS ! JERSEY $6,499.99 |
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2009 Ultra High Relief Saint Gaudens $20 Gold PCGS MS70PL – AMAZING Coin $6,329.00 |
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2009 $20 ULTRA HIGH RELIEF NGC MS70 PL DOUBLE EAGLE GOLD COIN $6,215.00 |
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2009 MS70 ULTRA HIGH RELIEF $20 EARLY RELEASE GOLD COIN 1of 602 E.R.’s W.W. SALE $5,999.09 |
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1994 CHINA 1/2oz GOLD 50Y UNICORN, NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO, MINTAGE 500 RARE L@@K! $5,999.00 |
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Blancpain Leman Ultra Slim Automatic Ref 2100 38mm 18k Yellow Gold & Steel $5,995.00 |
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BLANCPAIN 18K Yellow Gold Classique Round Ultra Thin Mechanical Box and Papers $5,890.00 |
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2009 MS70 ULTRA HIGH RELIEF $20 EARLY RELEASE GOLD COIN 1of 602 E.R.’s W.W. SALE $5,888.88 |
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✭2009 Ultra High Relief $20 Double Eagle .9999 Gold Coins MS70 Early Release✭ $5,795.00 |
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6×9 Rug Pakistan blue gold velvet 100% ultra soft fine wool 21982 fine weaving $5,236.00 |
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2008-w $50 (1oz) American Gold Buffalo NGC PF70 ULTRA CAMEO PROOF $5,045.00 |
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6×9 Rug Haji Jalilli Pakistan blue gold 100% Luxurious ultra soft wool 17366 $5,016.00 |
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Ultra RARE GOLD 78RPM Abbott & Costello’s “WHO’S ON FIRST” Signed Recording $5,000.00 |
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Gold Buffalo Kareem Abdul-Jabbar NGC PF70 Ultra Cameo 2006 W $50 $5,000.00 |
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$100 Union 1876 1 ounce .999 Gold Ultra Cameo NGC GEM Proof struck 2006 RARE $4,999.99 |
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* 2009 ULTRA HIGH RELIEF $20 Double Eagle MS70 NGC Certified Perfect UHR Gold * $4,999.99 |
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2006-W Proof Gold Eagle 4 coin set FIRST STRIKE NGC PF 69 Ultra Cameo Proof $4,995.00 |
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1852 Humbert $50 California Gold Commemorative NGC Gem Proof Ultra Cameo * $4,995.00 |
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FIRST STRIKE: 2009 Ultra High Relief UHR $20 Gold PCGS MS-70 Signed Moy Label $4,900.00 |
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Branson Power Ultra Sonic Welder 8200 Series 800 402 Converter Gold Booster #194 $4,895.95 |
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$100 1882 GOLD CERTIFICATE FR 1210 PMG VF25 ULTRA RARE $4,885.00 |
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1987 PROOF GOLD PANDA SAN FRANCISCO EXPO NGC PR69 PF69 ULTRA CAMEO CHINA 1 Oz. $4,875.00 |
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2011 American Eagle Proof Set 4 Gold Coins All PF70 Ultra Cameo Sequential $4,699.00 |
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2009 ULTRA HIGH RELIEF GOLD G$20 *MS 69 PROOFLIKE*NGC CERTIFIED*BID/BUY/OBO LOOK $4,666.66 |
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BLANCPAIN VILLERET ULTRA SLIM 18K GOLD AUTO MENS WATCH 1 YEAR WARRANTY ! $4,650.00 |
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2009 $20 NGC MS70 (Ultra High Relief) $20 Ultra High Relief Gold American Eagle $4,607.50 |
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2009 $20 NGC MS70 (Ultra High Relief) $20 Ultra High Relief Gold American Eagle $4,607.50 |
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BLANCPAIN VILLERET ULTRA SLIM 18K GOLD AUTO MENS WATCH $4,600.00 |
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Audemars Piguet Vintage Ultra Slim in 18K Yellow Gold 58263 $4,595.00 |
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FIRST STRIKE 2009 Ultra High Relief UHR $20 Gold PCGS MS-70 FS Perfect Grade $4,550.00 |
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2009 $20 UHR ULTRA HIGH RELIEF DOUBLE EAGLE GOLD Coin PCGS MS 70 FS FIRST STRIKE $4,545.00 |
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United States 2009 $20 Ultra High Relief Double Eagle (UH1) 1oz Gold Coin $4,514.54 |
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2009 $20 NGC MS70 (Ultra High Relief, Ea $20 Ultra High Relief Gold American Eag $4,512.50 |
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1936 9ct Gold Gents Rolex Oyster Royal Ultra Prima $4,505.00 |
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1987 1 OZ CHINA MEDAL PANDA GOLD NEW YORK EXPOSITION PF66 ULTRA CAMEO NGC $4,500.00 |
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2008 W American Gold Eagle Proof Set NGC PF70 PF 69 Ultra Cameo $50 $25 $10 $5 $4,499.99 |
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Hamilton Beach 48464 Brewstation Summit 12-Cup Programmable Coffeemaker $44.99 This BrewStation coffeemaker has stainless steel on its control panel for added style. It also has everything the BrewStation brand is famous for: one-hand dispensing for quick fill-ups and an insulated tank with gentle heater to keep coffee tasting fresh for hours. Your last cup tastes as fresh as the first. Product Specifications: One-hand dispensing – no carafe, no pouring, no spills Us… |
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Hamilton Beach 48465 Brewstation Summit Ultra 12-Cup Programmable Coffeemaker $69.99 Insulated tank help prevent heat and flavor from escapingVersatile brewing choose from bold regular iced coffee or small-batch options1-hand dispensing with non-slip dispenser bar no carafe no pouring no spillsAdjustable automatic shut-off; customizable from 0-4 hours24-hour digital clock with programmable clock and auto-start timerNo hot plate to scorch coffee flavor8 11/32″ W x 16 3/4″ H x 9 1/4… |
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Hamilton Beach 47454 BrewStation Deluxe 12-Cup Coffeemaker $86.75 Features : ? One-hand dispensing–no carafe, no pouring, no spills ? Coffee stays fresh longer ? Four brew modes: Normal, Decaf, Flavor +TM and 1-4 cups ? Gentle warming heater ? No hot plate to scorch coffee flavor ? Programmable clock/timer with adjustable auto shutoff ? Never break another glass carafe ? Gold-tone and water filters included… |
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Dark Side of the Moon $32.98 Dark Side of the Moon, originally released in 1973, is one of those albums that is discovered anew by each generation of rock listeners. This complex, often psychedelic music works very well because Pink Floyd doesn’t rush anything; the songs are mainly slow to mid-tempo, with attention paid throughout to musical texture and mood. The sound effects on songs like “On the Run,” “Time” and especially… |
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Beethoven: 24k Gold Edition The Master’s Touch 2 CD Set $2.99 Special 2 CD set on 24 Karat Gold! Disc One: Egmont Overture and Symphony 5; Disc Two: Fidelio Overture. Performances by The London Philharmonic Orchestra…. |
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Remix Album $27.98 After the Massive Success of their Recent “Two Pages” and “Creating Patterns” Albums, Four Hero Continue their String of Quality Releases with this Superb 2-disc Compilation of Remix Projects on their Own Raw Canvas Imprint. Disc One Collects Together What the Boys Consider to Be Some of the Best Remixes They have Done for Others, with Names Such as Nuyorican Soul, Ultra Nate, Terry Callier, and G… |
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Swiss+Tech UKCSB-1 Utili-Key 6-in-1 KeyChain MultiTool $4.99 Swiss+Tech: The Swiss Tech Micro-Tech 6-in-1 Key Ring Companion comes in 2 colors. You may choose Black Matte Solid Steele or Solid Polished Silver Stainless Steel offering the same handy features which makes this tool a real pleaser. Anyone would appreciate this handy Swiss Tech Micro-Tech 6-in-1 Key Ring Companion. This Swiss Tech Tool is lightweight, but is quite rugged and is backed by the Man… |
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Monster Cable MP HTS 700 Home Theater PowerCenter With Coax , Cable TV, Antena, Satellite, And phone Line Surge Protection $24.49 The name Monster Cable is so synonymous with high quality and high performance. Monster Cable products are indispensable components for music lovers, audiophiles, recording studios, sound professionals, musicians, custom-installers and home theater enthusiasts. The Monster Power HTS700 surge protector improves upon the HT700 by offering protection for a phone line (useful for satellite TV systems … |
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Sharpie Metallic Fine Point Permanent Markers, 2 Silver Markers (39108PP) $1.45 Perfect for marking dark surfaces and feature a quick drying ink that is permanent on most hard to mark surfacesFade and water resistantNontoxic ink Opaque metallic ink… |
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The Hangover Part II (+ UltraViolet Digital Copy) $5.00 Just when you were starting to sober up after The Hangover⦠along comes The Hangover Part II–a deft dose of hair of the dog that will keep fans of the original screaming with laughter once again. Director Todd Phillips brings back his great cast–Bradley Cooper, Zach Galifianakis, Justin Bartha, and Ed Helms for another splendid exercise in debauchery–and its painful aftermath. And perhaps … |
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Jack and Jill (Two-Disc Blu-ray/DVD Combo + UltraViolet Digital Copy) $6.35 Adam Sandler in drag: this is the gist of Jack and Jill, and Sandler doesn’t skimp on the premise. He plays two roles, in fact: Jack is a successful L.A. TV producer, family man, and vaguely unpleasant shill for advertising clients. Jill is his sister, in town from the Bronx for a holiday visit. Obnoxious and passive-aggressive, she is also a lethal impersonation on Sandler’s part, a wickedly exac… |
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The Ultra Beam $1.99 … |
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Slim Tea, Original, Tea Bags, 24-Count Box (Pack of 3) $15.59 The product is not eligible for priority shipping… |
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Micanopy Gold Ultra Hot Sauce $7.95 Micanopy Gold Xtra Hot Sauce (5 FL.OZ. / 150 ml): The Ultra Hot version of this excellent sweet before heat hot sauce. . Florida’s finest: Micanopy Gold Hot Sauce bares the name of Florida’s oldest inland town, which is named after the Seminole Indian Chief Micanopy (Mick-a-no-pee), “a king over a king.” Micanopy Gold Habanero Hot Sauce is made with fresh “all natural” ingredients. Our unique blen… |
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Prince Gold Ultra Diet Mate Caffeine Free 100% Natural Tea (20 Tea Bags Net Wt 1.26 OZ) $9.96 Prince Gold Ultra Diet Mate Caffeine Free 100% Natural Tea (20 Tea Bag) Net Weight 1.26 OZ (36g) The premium Chinese Tea to compliment your diet…. |
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Tekno Bubbles- Blacklight Senstive UB Bubbles (Colors May Vary) $3.97 Amazing Tekno Bubbles, These bubble glow under a UV light! Watch as you blow huge bubbles that glow a wild shade of blue, that ignites into a light producing bubble! This stuff literally makes invisible light visible for every one to see, its almost like they produce their own light. Tekno Bubbles have been in use for years in commercial applications at nightclubs, amusement parks, etc., but the p… |
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Pentel Color Pen Set, Set of 36 Assorted Colors (S360-36) $17.93 Fiber-tipped color pens with water-based ink are ideal for graphs charts maps and presentations. Also includes book-style case. Marker Type: Art Assortment: N/A Color(s): Assorted Tip Type: Fine.Unit of Measure : Set… |
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Gogo’s Crazy Bones Collector 10 Pack Gold Tin $12.50 Crazy Bones are fun, colorful, game pieces that you can collect and trade with your friends! Crazy Bones were inspired by a game played in Ancient Greece called astragals, Crazy Bones is a modern version of this game, played with characters moulded from plastic. There are hundreds of individual characters, each character had a unique face and name. Each figure is approximately 1 inch tall. Collect… |
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Razer Deathadder Infrared Gaming Mouse (RZ01-00151400-R3) $39.99 Always-On modeUltra-large non-slip buttons16-bit ultra-wide data path60120″ per second and 15g of acceleration… |
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HDMI Cable Category 2 (Full 1080P Capable) $0.01 BRAND NEW – HDMI 1.3a Category 2 Certified Cable 28AWG – 6ft w/Ferrite Cores (Gold Plated Connectors) – BLACK. IF IT’S NOT RATED HDMI 1.3a Category 2, THEN IT’S NOT FULL 1080P! DON’T BE FOOLED BY CHEAP IMITATIONS! Perfect for: 1080P TV’s, New 120 Hz 1080p TV’s, Play Station 3, Blu Ray Playes, HD DVD Players, XBOX 360, Dolby Surround Sound, TRUE HD Surround Sound.The latest revision for HDMI double… |
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