Refining System
Refining System
In a power plant, industrial Reverse Osmosis equipment (RO) is used almost exclusively in the boiler water pre-treatment area. Since most power boilers tend to operate at elevated pressure (>700 psig [4.8 MPa]), boiler feed water quality is very stringent. As a result, industrial Reverse Osmosis Equipment in this application is invariably followed by some type of demineralization (demin) polishing equipment, designed to reduce feed water dissolved solids, especially silica, to very low levels. Industrial Reverse Osmosis equipment, by itself, is incapable of providing the boiler feed water quality demanded by higher pressure power boilers.
Because the polishing demineralization equipment in a power generation facility will be sized upon the expected industrial Reverse Osmosis equipment performance (permeate water quality and quantity), any problems with the Reverse Osmosis equipment operation can have drastic effects on the demin performance. Poor demin performance can cause costs to increase sharply, through increased regenerations and acid/caustic usage.
Further downstream, the impact of poor industrial Reverse Osmosis equipment performance on the power generation boilers can be severe, ultimately leading to plant de-rating, and even boiler and turbine damage.
Understanding Reverse Osmosis Design for a Power Generation Facility There are four main components of an industrial Reverse Osmosis equipment system: Element, Array (Train), Stage, and Pass.
The industrial Reverse Osmosis Element is the building block of any RO equipment system. It is the individual component, where the RO process occurs.
There are four main designs for the elements:
- Spiral Wound – Most common design for water purification
- Hollow Fiber – Very large membrane surface areas are possible in this design. Used in seawater desalination
- Large Tube – Similar to a shell-and tube heat exchange in appearance and design. Used in special wastewater treatment and food processing applications
- Flat Plate – Similar to a plate-and frame heat exchanger. Used in food processing applications
Regardless of the element design, high pressure and flow is needed to force pure water through the RO membrane to become permeate. Because of the high pressures needed, each element must be designed so that the internal structures can withstand a feedwater pressure of several hundred psig.
The number of elements needed will be determined by the amount of the final product needed daily.
The industrial RO equipment Array is simply the way in which the elements are grouped together, in series or parallel.
An industrial RO Stage
An in-depth analysis of Industrial Reverse Osmosis design for the Power Generation Industry including tables and drawings can be downloaded in the free Layne Christensen white paper (a $97 value) titled Industrial Reverse Osmosis Equipment Design for the Power Generation Industry.
A narrated slideshow on this topic can be viewed at Industrial Reverse Osmosis Equipment
As a leader in the development of reverse osmosis (RO) systems, Layne Christensen Company has the technical expertise to design and build reverse osmosis systems for all of your plant water needs. Beyond RO, Layne Christensen’s Water Treatment Division Research & Development team focuses on refining and expanding the water treatment methods we currently employ so we can meet the most demanding challenges head-on with innovation.
Your concerns about water quality are Layne’s concerns as well. The Water Treatment Division has been resolving water quality problems for over a half century, installing thousands of treatment systems throughout North America. You can reach our technical experts through our website at LayneWater.com or by phone 262.246.4646.
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